ABA Commission has released new paper on alternative litigation finance

At its meeting in Denver, October 14-15, 2011, the ABA Commission on Ethics 20/20 decided to file its Draft White Paper on Alternative Litigation Finance as an Informational Report to the ABA House of Delegates. The Commission seeks to share this Draft White Paper with interested individuals and entities for their consideration prior to the filing deadline of December 2, 2011.  Go here to read the paper.

The Paper's executive summary states as follows:

     The general conclusion of this White Paper is that attorneys must approach transactions involving alternative litigation finance with care, mindful of several core professional obligations. An attorney must always exercise independent professional judgment on behalf of a client, and not be influenced by financial or other considerations. See MODEL RULES OF PROF’L CONDUCT R. 2.1 (2009) . . . Moreover, an attorney must not permit a third party to interfere with the exercise of independent professional judgment. Numerous specific provisions in the Model Rules, including conflicts of interest rules and rules governing third-party payments of fees, reinforce the importance of independent professional judgment. See MODEL RULE 1.7(a)(2) (representation materially limited by lawyer’s responsibilities to a third party or the lawyer’s own interests); MODEL RULE 1.8(e) (with limited exceptions, lawyers may not provide financial assistance to client); MODEL RULE 1.8(f) (lawyer must not accept compensation for representation from third party without informed consent of client and unless it will not interfere with independent professional judgment); MODEL RULE 1.8(i) (lawyers may not acquire proprietary interest in subject matter of representation); MODEL RULE 5.4(c) (lawyer may not permit fee payor to direct or regulate lawyer’s professional judgment).

     In addition, attorneys must be vigilant to prevent disclosure of information protected by Model Rule 1.6(a), and to use reasonable care to safeguard against waiver of the attorney-client privilege. Any infringement on rights that clients would otherwise have, resulting from the presence of alternative litigation finance, requires the informed consent of the client after full, candid disclosure of all of the associated risks and benefits.

     Finally, lawyers must fully explain the terms of funding transactions and ensure that clients are aware of the risks these transactions present. If they are not experienced in dealing with these funding transactions, lawyers who advise clients in connection with alternative litigation finance must become fully informed about the risks and benefits of these transactions, in order to provide competent advice to clients. Because this is a new and highly specialized area of finance, it may be necessary for a lawyer to undertake additional study or associate with experienced counsel when advising clients who are entering into these transactions.

For more information about the work of the Commission go here.

How not to practice law: Continue to practice after you are suspended; get disbarred

Here is a simple principle we have seen before.  If you are suspended from practice, it means you CAN'T practice!!  The Legal Profession blog is reporting that an attorney who had continued to practice after being suspended for six months was disbarred by the New York Appellate Division for the First Judicial Department.  Go here for more details.

Client's attempt to be a smartass during deposition results in judgment against him

The Nevada Supreme Court has upheld a casino’s summary judgment for $2 million against Joe Francis, creator of the soft porn “Girls Gone Wild” franchise for what District Judge Michelle Leavitt called “the most ridiculous exercise of the Fifth Amendment I think I’ve ever seen” during a deposition.  Go here for the details.

This is not the first time Francis acted like this during a deposition.  Here is an excerpt of one of them:
Q. Have you ever been convicted of a felony?
A. I don’t understand what that means.
…
Q. You don’t understand what being a convicted felon is?
A. No. Can you explain it to me?
Q. Did you serve any time in jail?
A. What do you mean “serve”?
…
Q. Do you know what a prisoner is?
A. No.
Q. Do you know what a cellmate is in jail?
A. No.
Q. Do you know what a jail is?
A. Sort of

These deposition antics nearly caused a default judgment against him.

In the most recent case, after the deposition the casino/plaintiff filed a motion for a summary judgment to which Francis replied that he wanted to withdraw his Fifth Amendment answers and continue the deposition. However, the judge refused to reopen discovery and granted summary judgment in favor of the casino. Francis appealed but the Nevada Supreme Court agreed with the District Court’s decision, noting that although answering some of questions at his deposition could have been incriminating, "his refusal to answer nearly every question was unjustifiable.” Francis now has to comply with the judgment which ordered to pay $2 million.  With interest and court costs, could reach $3 million.


Thanks to the Legal Ethics Forum for the link.

Pro bono conversation questions of the week

The national pro bono celebration conversation continues this week with the following questions:

How do we ensure high quality pro bono work?  Could well-trained legal assistants and paralegals assume greater responsibility and provide specific forms of legal relief? What matters would be appropriate to specialized form of representation?

Go here to join the conversation.

Prospective waivers

A few days ago, I discussed the use of prospective waivers with my students.  Now, here is a link to an article criticizing their use.  Here is an excerpt that summarizes its position:

What started as a trickle has now become a flood, as major law firms have embraced the practice of inserting into every retainer letter, often buried on page 5 in paragraph 16, a wholesale prospective waiver that would permit the law firm to take on any representation against the new client so long as the matters are not substantially related. No limitation as to matters that are not waivable under Rule 1.7(b)(1). No limitation as to time. No limitation as to matters not litigated. No limitation as to the subject matter of the adverse representation. No limitation as to the identity of the adverse party or parties who would be represented adverse to the client that is granting the prospective waiver. Can such a waiver come close to being given with informed consent? Of course not.

You can read the full article here.  The article is by Larry Fox, a former member of the ABA Standing Committee on Professional Responsibility.  For some comments on the article go to the Legal Ethics Forum, here.

Thanks to the LEF for the link to the article.

Illinois Lawyer Now invites you to celebrate Pro Bono week

Here is a link to a short article on Illinois Lawyer Now inviting you to join the celebration of National Pro Bono Week by Hon. Barbara Crowder.  It starts:  "Do you pro bono? If so, show you are “Pro Bono Proud” during National Pro Bono Week by attending a celebratory event. If not, why not? More opportunities abound to find a pro bono project that meets your time and abilities than ever before. And even more ways to pro bono may be coming to a circuit near you."  Go here to read the full article, and do join the National Pro Bono week activitites.

Pro bono conversation questions of the week

The national pro bono celebration conversation continues this week with the following questions:

How can we better use technology? What kinds of information could/should we disseminate, and how?  How do we serve the hard to reach geographical communities?

Go here to join the conversation.

Internship opportunity for students

The Ethics and Professionalism Committee of the ABA Section on Litigation is seeking an unpaid student intern to assist its web editors. The intern will write weekly short articles (300-500 words) discussing recent ethics opinions, rule changes, or anything else relevant to ethics and professionalism as it relates to the practice of law. The intern's articles will be edited and then published online under the intern's name, which will allow him or her to accumulate an online writing portfolio accessible by search engines.

Law students interested in legal ethics are strongly encouraged to apply. To apply, please e-mail Josh Camson (josh@joshcamson.com) web editor for the Ethics and Professionalism Committee with resume, a cover letter, and a brief writing sample (no more than two pages).

Former Texas prosecutor, now a judge, accused of withholding exculpatory evidence.

A former Texas prosecutor, now a sitting judge, has been accused of withholding exculpatory evidence in the prosecution of an Austin-area man who spent 25 years in prison for a murder he didn't commit.  Go here for the details.

Access to clients to film documentary while case is ongoing

Friend of the blog Alan Crede, of the Boston Personal Injury Lawyer Blog, has posted a very interesting comment on the very nature of our civil justice system, particularly on the fact that the system depends on the evaluation of evidence that is available to the jury while there may be other evidence that the jury never gets to see.  You can read his comment here.

As every lawyer and law student knows, our judicial system is not based on the search for the objective truth of the facts at issue but on the concern over protecting the due process of the process itself.  That is the nature of the adversary system.  The rules of evidence allow for the exclusion of evidence that might be relevant because the policies upon which those rules are based are more important to us than the possible benefit we'd get from the admissibility of that evidence.  This is obviously true in criminal cases, but it is not less true in civil cases.

In his comment, Alan wonders about a number of things including the fact that sometimes the most important evidence appears to be the evidence that is not available to the jury.  Most of the time, we don't realize this because in most cases that evidence is, simply, never disclosed.  But sometimes the general public gets to see evidence (through the media, for example) that the jury does not get to see.  And in many of those cases, the impression the public gets is different from that reflected by the jury's decision.

Some see this as a bad thing; others as a good thing.  It depends on what you think of the jury system and the policy behind the rules of evidence to begin with.  In fact, it depends on whether you believe the adversary system of judicial decision-making (at the trial level, at least) is a good idea.

Alan concludes that it is a mistake to overrate the capacities of our judiciary.  He warns that lawyers sometimes are blind to the system's faults and limitations because of a belief that the adversary system is "the greatest engine for the search for truth."  And when that happens "we fall prey to the idea that we can reach from the well of a courtroom to the pure reality of events that transpired outside of that courtroom."

All that aside, Alan asked me to comment on a slightly different aspect of the issue.

His comment was prompted by the documentary "Paradise Lost" about the "West Memphis Three" case during the filming of which the attorneys for the defendants allowed the filmmakers to have access to some of their conversations with their clients, and to interview the clients while the case was still ongoing.  Alan wants to know my take on the ethics of the defense team's allowing such unrestricted behind-the-scenes access.

There are several issues that come to mind. First, there is the issue of whether the lawyers were trying to "try the case in the media" rather than in the courtroom.  I don't think so, simply becasue the the documentary was not going to be ready before the end of the case.  The footage would only become available until after the case was over.  However, it can be argued that the lawyers were trying to build a record that could later be used to support an appeal.  That is possible, but it is not different from many other cases which generated documentaries - often to support the defense.

I think the more interesting question is whether it is improper to allow the filmmakers to follow the lawyers and clients as they prepared for trial not knowing in advance what was going to be shown in the final version of the documentary.  As long as the clients gave informed consent, I see that as a tactical decision that may or may not turn out to be a good decision down the line.  It is pretty risky, but I guess the lawyers felt strong enough something positive would come out of it.  The one thing the lawyers had to be careful about was disclosing confidential information "on the air" that they would not want broadcast later.

Lastly, of course, I can only assume the lawyers in this case did not have an agreement with the filmmakers to get a media deal since Rule 1.8(d) (some version of which has been adopted in most, if not all, states) says that "prior to the conclusion of representation of a client, a lawyer shall not make or negotiate an agreement giving the lawyer literary or media rights to a portrayal or account based in substantial part on information relating to the representation."